Selittää MCP-palvelinten ulosmenevän tunnusstrategian: miksi tunnuksen läpivienti ja M2M epäonnistuvat sekä miten tunnuksen vaihto pitää käyttöoikeudet linjassa käyttäjien kanssa.
Edellisessä artikkelissamme jaoimme yleiskokemuksiamme Logto-remote MCP-palvelimen rakentamisesta. Tässä artikkelissa käydään yksityiskohtaisesti läpi arkkitehtuurin suunnittelu ja OAuth-virtaus.
MCP-palvelimen toimiessa rajapintana etä-MCP-palvelimen todennuksessa on kaksi jalkaa: sisääntuleva ja ulosmenevä.
Sisääntuleva osuus on hyvin määritelty MCP-spesifikaatiossa ja siitä on runsaasti keskustelua ja toteutuksia yhteisössä. Kirjoitimme myös aiemmin toteutusoppaan. Ulosmenevään osaan kiinnitetään huomattavasti vähemmän huomiota: MCP-palvelimella on vain tunnus MCP-palvelimen käyttöön. Miten se voi kutsua omaa liiketoiminta-API:a käyttäjän puolesta?
Tätä kysymystä pohdimme jatkuvasti rakentaessamme Logto MCP-palvelinta. Logto Cloud on tyypillinen B2B-monivuokralaistuote: käyttäjä voi kuulua useisiin vuokralaisiin ja käyttöoikeudet määräytyvät käyttäjän roolin mukaan kussakin vuokralaisessa. Älykkään agentin on paitsi toimittava käyttäjänä, myös osattava sijoittua oikeaan vuokralaiseen.
Tämä artikkeli seuraa todellista päätöksentekoprosessiamme:
OAuthin näkökulmasta etä-MCP-palvelin näyttelee kahta roolia samanaikaisesti:
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style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' d='M 0 5 L 10 10 L 10 0 z'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5' refX='11' viewBox='0 0 10 10' class='marker flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-0_flowchart-v2-circleEnd'%3e%3ccircle style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' r='5' cy='5' cx='5'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5' refX='-1' viewBox='0 0 10 10' class='marker flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-0_flowchart-v2-circleStart'%3e%3ccircle style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' r='5' cy='5' cx='5'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5.2' refX='12' viewBox='0 0 11 11' class='marker cross flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-0_flowchart-v2-crossEnd'%3e%3cpath style='stroke-width: 2%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' d='M 1%2c1 l 9%2c9 M 10%2c1 l -9%2c9'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5.2' refX='-1' viewBox='0 0 11 11' class='marker cross flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-0_flowchart-v2-crossStart'%3e%3cpath style='stroke-width: 2%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' d='M 1%2c1 l 9%2c9 M 10%2c1 l -9%2c9'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cg class='root'%3e%3cg class='clusters'/%3e%3cg class='edgePaths'%3e%3cpath marker-end='url(%23mermaid-0_flowchart-v2-pointEnd)' style='' class='edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid flowchart-link' id='L_Client_Server_0' d='M268%2c59L277.357%2c59C286.714%2c59%2c305.427%2c59%2c323.474%2c59C341.521%2c59%2c358.901%2c59%2c367.591%2c59L376.281%2c59'/%3e%3cpath marker-end='url(%23mermaid-0_flowchart-v2-pointEnd)' style='' class='edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid edge-thickness-normal 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xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cp%3etunnus %3f%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg class='nodes'%3e%3cg transform='translate(138%2c 59)' id='flowchart-Client-0' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='78' width='260' y='-39' x='-130' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eMCP-asiakasohjelma (VS Code / Cursor)%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(510.28125%2c 59)' id='flowchart-Server-1' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='102' width='260' y='-51' x='-130' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -36)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='72' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eMCP-palvelin (vasemmalla resurssipalvelin%2c oikealla asiakas)%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(841.6953125%2c 59)' id='flowchart-API-2' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='180.046875' y='-27' x='-90.0234375' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-60.0234375%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='120.046875'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eLiiketoiminta-API%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
Toisin sanoen, MCP-palvelin näyttelee eri roolia molemmilla puolilla ja kummallakin puolella käytetään eri tunnusta. MCP-asiakasohjelman OAuthilla hakema tunnus on tarkoitettu MCP-palvelimelle eikä kelpaa liiketoiminta-API:ssa, joka tarkistaa tunnuksen kohteen/audiencen.
Ulosmenevä vaihe on siis pohjimmiltaan valtuutuksen delegointia: miten MCP-palvelin voi kutsua taustapalveluita käyttäjän nimissä ja käyttöoikeuksilla, ilman käyttäjän tunnisteita?
MCP-päätepisteen rakentaminen liiketoiminta-API-palvelun sisään, jaettu prosessi ja yhteinen todennus, vaikuttaa suoraviivaisimmalta. Arvioituamme vaihtoehdot valitsimme itsenäisen käyttöönoton:
MCP-palvelin on otettu käyttöön omalla domainillaan mcp.logto.io ilman mitään piilotettua yhteyttä pääpalveluun. Jos haluamme avata lähdekoodin joskus, mikään ei estä.
Sisäänrakennetussa vaihtoehdossa tunnusongelmaa ei vältetä: MCP-päätepiste ja liiketoiminta-API jakaisivat resurssitunnisteen, joten MCP-asiakasohjelma saisi tunnuksen, jolla on täydet API-oikeudet. Kysymys "kenen oikeuksilla tämä kutsu ajetaan" siirtyy palvelujen välisestä tunnuksen vaihdosta prosessinsisäiseen käyttöoikeuksien siirtoon, ja ongelma pysyy samana. Itsestään seisova toteutus pakottaa rajaamaan käyttöoikeudet eksplisiittisesti, josta loppu artikkelissa kertoo.
Ulosmenevä keskustelu alkaa perustavanlaatuisemmasta kysymyksestä: mikä pitäisi olla MCP-asiakasohjelman tunnuksen audience?
Liiketoiminta-API:n resurssitunnisteen käyttö vaikuttaa suorimmalta ratkaisulta: Logton Management API on jo standardin mukainen OAuth-suojattu resurssi, joten MCP-asiakasohjelma voisi pyytää sen tunnusta suoraan ja MCP-palvelin vain välittäisi sen edelleen. Monet MCP-palvelimen varhaiset toteutukset tekivät juuri näin.
Tämän hinta: jos MCP-tunnuksen audience on liiketoiminta-API, käyttöoikeusrajapinta häviää.
Ensimmäinen johtopäätös: MCP-palvelin on oma suojattu resurssi, omalla resurssitunnisteellaan (https://mcp.logto.io) ja omalla scopellaan.
Tämä tekee käyttöoikeusrajasta selkeän ja konkretisoi ulosmenevän kysymyksen: tunnuksella pääsee vain MCP-palvelimelle – mitä MCP-palvelin käyttää kutsuessaan API:a?
Käydään nyt läpi eri vaihtoehdot.
Ensimmäinen idea nousi luonnollisesta analogiasta.
Logto Console on SPA. Se kommunikoi Management API:n kanssa yksinkertaisesti: käyttäjä kirjautuu OAuthilla selaimessa, saa tunnuksen jonka audience on Management API, ja frontend kutsuu API:a tunnuksella suoraan.
Voiko MCP-palvelin toimia toisena Consolena? MCP-asiakasohjelma hakisi liiketoiminta-API:n tunnuksen sisäänkirjautuessaan ja MCP-palvelin välittäisi sen sellaisenaan:
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class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eManagement API%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
Tämän lähestymistavan etu on yksinkertaisuus: MCP-palvelin vain välittää tunnukset. Mutta siinä on ilmiselviä ongelmia:
Se on ristiriidassa aiemmin määritellyn käyttöoikeusrajan kanssa. Tunnuksen läpivienti vaatii MCP-asiakasohjelman hallitsemaan liiketoiminta-API:n tunnusta – juuri sen, mitä halusimme välttää.
Toiseksi, MCP-palvelin ei ole enää oikea suojattu resurssi. Sen vastaanottaman tunnuksen audience ei ole palvelin itse, joten audience-tarkistus muuttuu pelkkään allekirjoituksen ja myöntäjän tarkistukseen. Tämä ei ole spesifikaation mukaista (MCP-palvelimen tulisi toimia resurssipalvelimena ja määritellä itsensä RFC 9728 Protected Resource Metadata -määrityksen mukaan). Käytännössä backend esiintyy yksisivuisena sovelluksena.
Kolmanneksi, MCP-asiakasohjelmat eivät tue tätä. MCP-yhteensopiva asiakasohjelma pyytää tunnusta MCP-palvelimen resurssille. Ei ole standardia tapaa pyytää toisen API:n tunnusta, joten asiakaspuolella tämä ei toimi.
Jos käyttäjän tunnus ei toimi, mitä jos käytetään MCP-palvelimen omaa identiteettiä?
Määritä MCP-palvelimelle M2M-sovellus (machine-to-machine), hae tunnus asiakastunnuksilla ja kutsu liiketoiminta-API:a sillä. Tätä käytetään usein palvelujen välisessä punktioinnissa.
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style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' d='M 0 5 L 10 10 L 10 0 z'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5' refX='11' viewBox='0 0 10 10' class='marker flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-2_flowchart-v2-circleEnd'%3e%3ccircle style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' r='5' cy='5' cx='5'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5' refX='-1' viewBox='0 0 10 10' class='marker flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-2_flowchart-v2-circleStart'%3e%3ccircle style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' r='5' cy='5' cx='5'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5.2' refX='12' viewBox='0 0 11 11' class='marker cross flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-2_flowchart-v2-crossEnd'%3e%3cpath style='stroke-width: 2%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' d='M 1%2c1 l 9%2c9 M 10%2c1 l -9%2c9'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5.2' refX='-1' viewBox='0 0 11 11' class='marker cross flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-2_flowchart-v2-crossStart'%3e%3cpath style='stroke-width: 2%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' d='M 1%2c1 l 9%2c9 M 10%2c1 l -9%2c9'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cg class='root'%3e%3cg class='clusters'/%3e%3cg class='edgePaths'%3e%3cpath marker-end='url(%23mermaid-2_flowchart-v2-pointEnd)' style='' class='edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid flowchart-link' id='L_Client_Server_0' d='M219.172%2c35L240.005%2c35C260.839%2c35%2c302.505%2c35%2c343.505%2c35C384.505%2c35%2c424.839%2c35%2c445.005%2c35L465.172%2c35'/%3e%3cpath marker-end='url(%23mermaid-2_flowchart-v2-pointEnd)' style='' class='edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid flowchart-link' id='L_Server_API_1' d='M624.313%2c35L645.146%2c35C665.979%2c35%2c707.646%2c35%2c748.646%2c35C789.646%2c35%2c829.979%2c35%2c850.146%2c35L870.313%2c35'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg class='edgeLabels'%3e%3cg transform='translate(344.171875%2c 35)' class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' class='label'%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' class='labelBkg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cp%3ek%c3%a4ytt%c3%a4j%c3%a4tunnus (aud = MCP-palvelin)%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(749.3125%2c 35)' class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' class='label'%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' class='labelBkg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eM2M-tunnus (t%c3%a4ydet oikeudet)%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg class='nodes'%3e%3cg transform='translate(113.5859375%2c 35)' id='flowchart-Client-6' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='211.171875' y='-27' x='-105.5859375' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-75.5859375%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='151.171875'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eMCP-asiakasohjelma%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(546.7421875%2c 35)' id='flowchart-Server-7' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='155.140625' y='-27' x='-77.5703125' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-47.5703125%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='95.140625'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eMCP-palvelin%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(965.6875%2c 35)' id='flowchart-API-8' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='182.75' y='-27' x='-91.375' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-61.375%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='122.75'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eManagement API%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
Sisääntuleva todennus toimii nyt: MCP-asiakasohjelman tunnuksessa audience on MCP-palvelin, MCP-palvelin tarkistaa sen normaalisti ja käyttää sitten omaa M2M-tunnusta.
Tämän ratkaiseva ongelma on, että M2M-tunnuksen käyttöoikeudet eivät liity mitenkään käyttäjän oikeuksiin:
M2M sopii käyttötarkoituksiin ilman käyttäjän kontekstia, kuten ajastetut ajot ja järjestelmien synkronoinnit. MCP-palvelin on erilainen: jokaisen kutsun aloittaa tietty käyttäjä ja tunnus pitäisi rajata tämän käyttäjän identiteettiin ja oikeuksiin.
Kun yhdistetään edellisten lähestymistapojen opit, syntyy oikean ratkaisun vaatimukset:
Tähän viittaa vakiintunut mekanismi: tunnuksen vaihto (RFC 8693). MCP-palvelin ottaa käyttäjää kuvaavan todisteen ja vaihtaa sen todennuspalvelimella downstream-API:n tunnukseen, jolloin identiteetti ja oikeudet säilyvät.
Logtossa tämä "käyttäjää edustava todiste" saadaan käyttäjän impersonointi -ominaisuudella: subject token. Se on lyhytikäinen todiste, jonka palvelin pyytää tietylle käyttäjälle: "seuraava tunnuksen vaihto suoritetaan tämän käyttäjän puolesta". Käyttäjän ei tarvitse tehdä mitään; koko flow on automatisoitu. Subject token on lyhytikäinen ja kertakäyttöinen sekä vanhentuu käytön jälkeen.
Arkkitehtuurissa on neljä roolia. MCP-palvelin on otettu käyttöön itsenäisesti osoitteessa mcp.logto.io:
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style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' d='M 0 5 L 10 10 L 10 0 z'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5' refX='11' viewBox='0 0 10 10' class='marker flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-3_flowchart-v2-circleEnd'%3e%3ccircle style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' r='5' cy='5' cx='5'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5' refX='-1' viewBox='0 0 10 10' class='marker flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-3_flowchart-v2-circleStart'%3e%3ccircle style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' r='5' cy='5' cx='5'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5.2' refX='12' viewBox='0 0 11 11' class='marker cross flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-3_flowchart-v2-crossEnd'%3e%3cpath style='stroke-width: 2%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' d='M 1%2c1 l 9%2c9 M 10%2c1 l -9%2c9'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5.2' refX='-1' viewBox='0 0 11 11' class='marker cross flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-3_flowchart-v2-crossStart'%3e%3cpath style='stroke-width: 2%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' d='M 1%2c1 l 9%2c9 M 10%2c1 l -9%2c9'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cg class='root'%3e%3cg class='clusters'%3e%3cg data-look='classic' id='cloud' class='cluster'%3e%3crect height='405' width='310' y='8' x='1078' style=''/%3e%3cg transform='translate(1133%2c 8)' class='cluster-label'%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eNykyiset Logto Cloud 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d='M237.45%2c120L263.375%2c109.833C289.3%2c99.667%2c341.15%2c79.333%2c387.908%2c69.167C434.667%2c59%2c476.333%2c59%2c523%2c59C569.667%2c59%2c621.333%2c59%2c673%2c59C724.667%2c59%2c776.333%2c59%2c823%2c59C869.667%2c59%2c911.333%2c59%2c953%2c59C994.667%2c59%2c1036.333%2c59%2c1065.749%2c61.326C1095.165%2c63.651%2c1112.331%2c68.303%2c1120.914%2c70.628L1129.496%2c72.954'/%3e%3cpath marker-end='url(%23mermaid-3_flowchart-v2-pointEnd)' style='' class='edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid flowchart-link' id='L_Client_MCP_1' d='M268%2c197.745L288.833%2c203.954C309.667%2c210.163%2c351.333%2c222.582%2c393%2c228.791C434.667%2c235%2c476.333%2c235%2c500.667%2c235C525%2c235%2c532%2c235%2c535.5%2c235L539%2c235'/%3e%3cpath marker-end='url(%23mermaid-3_flowchart-v2-pointEnd)' style='' class='edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid flowchart-link' id='L_MCP_Auth_2' d='M738.707%2c196L753.589%2c187.167C768.471%2c178.333%2c798.236%2c160.667%2c833.951%2c151.833C869.667%2c143%2c911.333%2c143%2c953%2c143C994.667%2c143%2c1036.333%2c143%2c1065.749%2c140.674C1095.165%2c138.349%2c1112.331%2c133.697%2c1120.914%2c131.372L1129.496%2c129.046'/%3e%3cpath marker-end='url(%23mermaid-3_flowchart-v2-pointEnd)' style='' class='edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid flowchart-link' id='L_MCP_CloudApi_3' d='M803%2c235L807.167%2c235C811.333%2c235%2c819.667%2c235%2c844.667%2c235C869.667%2c235%2c911.333%2c235%2c953%2c235C994.667%2c235%2c1036.333%2c235%2c1060.667%2c235C1085%2c235%2c1092%2c235%2c1095.5%2c235L1099%2c235'/%3e%3cpath marker-end='url(%23mermaid-3_flowchart-v2-pointEnd)' style='' class='edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid flowchart-link' id='L_MCP_TenantApi_4' d='M725.112%2c274L742.26%2c286.833C759.408%2c299.667%2c793.704%2c325.333%2c831.685%2c338.167C869.667%2c351%2c911.333%2c351%2c953%2c351C994.667%2c351%2c1036.333%2c351%2c1062.73%2c351C1089.128%2c351%2c1100.255%2c351%2c1105.819%2c351L1111.383%2c351'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg class='edgeLabels'%3e%3cg transform='translate(673%2c 59)' class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' class='label'%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' class='labelBkg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eOAuth-kirjautuminen (PKCE)%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(393%2c 235)' class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' class='label'%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' class='labelBkg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eMCP-protokolla %2b k%c3%a4ytt%c3%a4j%c3%a4tunnus%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(953%2c 143)' class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' class='label'%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' class='labelBkg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eM2M-todennus/tunnuksen vaihto%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(953%2c 235)' class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' class='label'%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' class='labelBkg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cp%3epyyd%c3%a4 subject token (kaksi tunnusta)%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(953%2c 351)' class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' class='label'%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' class='labelBkg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='edgeLabel'%3e%3cp%3ekutsu vaihdetulla tunnuksella%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg class='nodes'%3e%3cg transform='translate(138%2c 159)' id='flowchart-Client-9' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='78' width='260' y='-39' x='-130' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eMCP-asiakasohjelma (OAuth Client)%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(673%2c 235)' id='flowchart-MCP-10' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='78' width='260' y='-39' x='-130' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eMCP-palvelin (Suojattu resurssi: mcp.logto.io)%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(1233%2c 101)' id='flowchart-Auth-11' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='207.609375' y='-27' x='-103.8046875' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-73.8046875%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='147.609375'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eAuth-palvelin (OIDC)%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(1233%2c 235)' id='flowchart-CloudApi-12' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='78' width='260' y='-39' x='-130' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-100%2c -24)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='48' width='200'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table%3b white-space: break-spaces%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b width: 200px%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eCloud API (/api/mcp/subject-tokens)%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(1233%2c 351)' id='flowchart-TenantApi-13' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='235.234375' y='-27' x='-117.6171875' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-87.6171875%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='175.234375'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eTenant Management API%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
Yhden työkalukutsun koko tunnusvirtaus:
%3c/tspan%3e%3c/text%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg%3e%3crect class='actor actor-bottom' ry='3' rx='3' name='S' height='65' width='150' stroke='%23666' fill='%23eaeaea' y='707' x='309.5'/%3e%3ctext style='text-anchor: middle%3b font-size: 16px%3b font-weight: 400%3b font-family: arial%2c sans-serif%3b' class='actor actor-box' alignment-baseline='central' dominant-baseline='central' y='739.5' x='384.5'%3e%3ctspan dy='0' x='384.5'%3eMCP-palvelin%3c/tspan%3e%3c/text%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg%3e%3crect class='actor actor-bottom' ry='3' rx='3' name='C' height='65' width='171' stroke='%23666' fill='%23eaeaea' y='707' x='0'/%3e%3ctext style='text-anchor: middle%3b font-size: 16px%3b font-weight: 400%3b font-family: arial%2c sans-serif%3b' class='actor actor-box' alignment-baseline='central' dominant-baseline='central' y='739.5' x='85.5'%3e%3ctspan dy='0' x='85.5'%3eMCP-asiakasohjelma%3c/tspan%3e%3c/text%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg%3e%3cline name='P' stroke='%23999' stroke-width='0.5px' class='actor-line 200' y2='707' x2='1309' y1='65' x1='1309' id='actor3'/%3e%3cg id='root-3'%3e%3crect class='actor actor-top' ry='3' rx='3' name='P' height='65' width='150' stroke='%23666' fill='%23eaeaea' y='0' x='1234'/%3e%3ctext style='text-anchor: middle%3b font-size: 16px%3b font-weight: 400%3b font-family: arial%2c sans-serif%3b' class='actor actor-box' alignment-baseline='central' dominant-baseline='central' y='32.5' x='1309'%3e%3ctspan dy='0' x='1309'%3eCloud API%3c/tspan%3e%3c/text%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg%3e%3cline name='A' stroke='%23999' stroke-width='0.5px' class='actor-line 200' y2='707' x2='1017.5' y1='65' x1='1017.5' id='actor2'/%3e%3cg id='root-2'%3e%3crect class='actor actor-top' ry='3' rx='3' name='A' height='65' width='168' stroke='%23666' fill='%23eaeaea' y='0' x='933.5'/%3e%3ctext style='text-anchor: middle%3b font-size: 16px%3b font-weight: 400%3b font-family: arial%2c sans-serif%3b' class='actor actor-box' alignment-baseline='central' dominant-baseline='central' y='32.5' x='1017.5'%3e%3ctspan dy='0' x='1017.5'%3eAuth-palvelin (OIDC)%3c/tspan%3e%3c/text%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg%3e%3cline name='S' stroke='%23999' stroke-width='0.5px' class='actor-line 200' y2='707' x2='384.5' y1='65' x1='384.5' id='actor1'/%3e%3cg id='root-1'%3e%3crect class='actor actor-top' ry='3' rx='3' name='S' height='65' width='150' stroke='%23666' fill='%23eaeaea' y='0' x='309.5'/%3e%3ctext style='text-anchor: middle%3b font-size: 16px%3b font-weight: 400%3b font-family: arial%2c sans-serif%3b' class='actor actor-box' alignment-baseline='central' dominant-baseline='central' y='32.5' x='384.5'%3e%3ctspan dy='0' x='384.5'%3eMCP-palvelin%3c/tspan%3e%3c/text%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg%3e%3cline name='C' stroke='%23999' stroke-width='0.5px' class='actor-line 200' y2='707' x2='85.5' y1='65' x1='85.5' id='actor0'/%3e%3cg id='root-0'%3e%3crect class='actor actor-top' ry='3' rx='3' name='C' height='65' width='171' stroke='%23666' fill='%23eaeaea' y='0' x='0'/%3e%3ctext style='text-anchor: middle%3b font-size: 16px%3b font-weight: 400%3b font-family: arial%2c sans-serif%3b' class='actor actor-box' alignment-baseline='central' dominant-baseline='central' y='32.5' x='85.5'%3e%3ctspan dy='0' x='85.5'%3eMCP-asiakasohjelma%3c/tspan%3e%3c/text%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cstyle%3e%23mermaid-4%7bfont-family:arial%2csans-serif%3bfont-size:16px%3bfill:%23333%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .error-icon%7bfill:%23552222%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .error-text%7bfill:%23552222%3bstroke:%23552222%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .edge-thickness-normal%7bstroke-width:1px%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .edge-thickness-thick%7bstroke-width:3.5px%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .edge-pattern-solid%7bstroke-dasharray:0%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .edge-thickness-invisible%7bstroke-width:0%3bfill:none%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .edge-pattern-dashed%7bstroke-dasharray:3%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .edge-pattern-dotted%7bstroke-dasharray:2%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .marker%7bfill:%23333333%3bstroke:%23333333%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .marker.cross%7bstroke:%23333333%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 svg%7bfont-family:arial%2csans-serif%3bfont-size:16px%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 p%7bmargin:0%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .actor%7bstroke:hsl(259.6261682243%2c 59.7765363128%25%2c 87.9019607843%25)%3bfill:%23ECECFF%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 text.actor%26gt%3btspan%7bfill:black%3bstroke:none%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .actor-line%7bstroke:hsl(259.6261682243%2c 59.7765363128%25%2c 87.9019607843%25)%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .messageLine0%7bstroke-width:1.5%3bstroke-dasharray:none%3bstroke:%23333%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .messageLine1%7bstroke-width:1.5%3bstroke-dasharray:2%2c2%3bstroke:%23333%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 %23arrowhead path%7bfill:%23333%3bstroke:%23333%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .sequenceNumber%7bfill:white%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 %23sequencenumber%7bfill:%23333%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 %23crosshead path%7bfill:%23333%3bstroke:%23333%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .messageText%7bfill:%23333%3bstroke:none%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .labelBox%7bstroke:hsl(259.6261682243%2c 59.7765363128%25%2c 87.9019607843%25)%3bfill:%23ECECFF%3b%7d%23mermaid-4 .labelText%2c%23mermaid-4 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Askel askeleelta:
① Sisääntulon tarkistus. MCP-asiakasohjelma kutsuu työkalua käyttäjätunnuksella. Tunnuksen audience on MCP-palvelimen oma resurssitunniste ja scope mcp:all. MCP-palvelin tarkistaa allekirjoituksen, myöntäjän, audience:n ja scope:n ja poimii käyttäjän identiteetin. Sisääntulo päättyy tähän. Tätä tunnusta ei koskaan välitetä downstream.
② Palvelun identiteetti. MCP-palvelin käyttää omia M2M-tietojaan hakeakseen tunnuksen erityisellä scopella, access:mcp:api. Tällä scopella on vain yksi tarkoitus: seuraavan vaiheen oman päätepisteen kutsuminen.
③ Subject tokenin pyytäminen on koko ketjun avainvaihe. MCP-palvelin kutsuu POST /api/mcp/subject-tokens, päätepistettä jonka Cloud avaa nimenomaan MCP:lle ja esittää kaksi tunnusta samanaikaisesti:
Authorization-otsikko: M2M-tunnus, todistaa "olen virallinen MCP-palvelin"x-mcp-user-token-otsikko: käyttäjätunnus, todistaa "tämä käyttäjä on valtuuttanut minut, eikä valtuutus ole vanhentunut"Cloud tarkistaa käyttäjätunnuksen täysin: allekirjoitus, myöntäjä, voimassaoloaika, audience täytyy olla MCP-palvelimen resurssitunniste ja scopessa pitää olla mcp:all. Tämän varmistuksen jälkeen userId otetaan suoraan tunnuksen sub-claimista. Päätepisteessä ei ole parametria käyttäjän valintaan.
Näin M2M-tunnusta ei voi väärinkäyttää. Jos päätepiste ottaisi käyttäjäid-parametrin, kuka tahansa M2M-tunnuksen haltija voisi esiintyä kenä tahansa käyttäjänä. Tällä suunnittelulla MCP-palvelin voi vaihtaa tunnuksia vain presentoidun voimassa olevan käyttäjätunnuksen perusteella.
Subject token myönnetään lyhytikäisenä ja kertakäyttöisenä. Toteutus ei koskaan tallenna sitä, vaan hakee uuden jokaiseen käyttöön.
④ Työtunnusten vaihto. Subject tokenilla tehdään vakiomuotoinen tunnuksen vaihto ja saadaan kahdentyyppisiä tunnuksia tarpeen mukaan:
⑤ Ulosmenevä kutsu. Kutsu liiketoiminta-API:a vaihdetulla tunnuksella ja palauta tulos MCP-asiakasohjelmalle.
Monivuokralaisuus ratkaistaan vaihdon yhteydessä: vuokralainen määritellään vaihdossa, ei yhteyden luonnissa. list_tenants listaa vaihtoehdot Cloud API -tunnuksella, käyttäjä valitsee jonkin keskustelussa ja MCP-palvelin vaihtaa organisaatiotunnuksen valitulle vuokralaiselle. Yksi päätepiste palvelee kaikkia vuokralaisia; ei tarvita erillisiä käyttöönottoja, ja keskustelun aikana luotu vuokralainen on heti käytettävissä.
Tarkista edellisten mallien ongelmat – jokainen katetaan tässä:
Jälkikäteen katsottuna M2M-tunnuksella on nyt oikea tehtävä: se osoittaa "kuka olen", kun taas oikeus "toimia käyttäjänä" pitää vaihtaa lennossa käyttäjän voimassa olevan valtuutuksen kanssa.
Katsottaessa koko ketjua, etä-MCP-palvelimen tunnusstrategia tiivistyy muutamaan kohtaan:
Yksinkertainen testi: mitä jos MCP-asiakasohjelman tunnus vuotaa? Hyökkääjän pitäisi päästä vain niihin määriteltyihin MCP-työkaluihin, edelleen käyttäjän oikeuksilla. Jos täysi API on käytettävissä suoraan, käyttöoikeusraja on rikottu.
MCP-ekosysteemi kehittyy edelleen nopeasti. Sisääntulon todennus on hyvin määritelty spesifikaatiossa, mutta "miten MCP-palvelin kutsuu downstream-palveluja" on vielä tiimikohtainen ratkaisu. Toivomme, että käytäntömme toimivat hyödyllisenä viitepisteenä.
Jos rakennat MCP-palvelinta omaan tuoteeseesi, tutustu Logton ratkaisuun tekoälyskenaarioihin: Auth tekoälysovelluksille, agenteille ja MCP-palvelimille. Katso token-ketju toiminnassa liittämällä Logto MCP-palvelimeen ja testaamalla sitä.
Tässä artikkelissa mainitut tekniset lähteet: