Jednokrotne logowanie (SSO) to świetny sposób na uproszczenie modelu uwierzytelniania i poprawę doświadczenia użytkownika dla każdej aplikacji. Oto dlaczego.
Jednokrotne logowanie (SSO) to technologia, która pozwala użytkownikom na jednokrotne uwierzytelnienie i dostęp do wielu aplikacji. Jeśli masz tylko jedną aplikację, może to brzmieć jak przesada. Jednak rozpoczęcie od SSO od samego początku może zaoszczędzić mnóstwo problemów w przyszłości, a wdrożenie SSO jest łatwiejsze, niż myślisz.
Zanim zaczniemy, musimy zaznaczyć, że są dwa rodzaje SSO:
Najbardziej oczywistą zaletą SSO jest to, że upraszcza ono model uwierzytelniania. Wyobraź sobie, że zaczynasz od sklepu internetowego, początkowy model uwierzytelniania jest prosty:
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W miarę rozwoju firmy, decydujesz się dodać aplikację do zarządzania sklepem, aby umożliwić właścicielom sklepów zarządzanie ich sklepami. Teraz masz dwie aplikacje, które muszą uwierzytelniać użytkowników.
Oto kilka wyborów, które masz:
1. Możesz stworzyć osobną bazę użytkowników dla aplikacji do zarządzania sklepem.
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class='nodes'%3e%3cg transform='translate(99.0390625%2c 49)' id='flowchart-A-6' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='156.296875' y='-27' x='-78.1484375' ry='5' rx='5' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-63.1484375%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='126.296875'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eSklep internetowy%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(335%2c 49)' id='flowchart-B-7' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='189.84375' y='-27' x='-94.921875' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-64.921875%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='129.84375'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eUwierzytelnianie 1%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(563.90625%2c 49)' id='flowchart-C-11' class='node default'%3e%3cpath transform='translate(-83.984375%2c -41)' style='' class='basic label-container' d='M0%2c14.333333333333334 a83.984375%2c14.333333333333334 0%2c0%2c0 167.96875%2c0 a83.984375%2c14.333333333333334 0%2c0%2c0 -167.96875%2c0 l0%2c53.333333333333336 a83.984375%2c14.333333333333334 0%2c0%2c0 167.96875%2c0 l0%2c-53.333333333333336'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-76.484375%2c -2)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='152.96875'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eBaza u%c5%bcytkownik%c3%b3w 1%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(99.0390625%2c 181)' id='flowchart-D-12' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='182.078125' y='-27' x='-91.0390625' ry='5' rx='5' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-76.0390625%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='152.078125'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eZarz%c4%85dzanie sklepem%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(335%2c 181)' id='flowchart-E-14' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='189.84375' y='-27' x='-94.921875' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-64.921875%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='129.84375'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eUwierzytelnianie 2%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(563.90625%2c 181)' id='flowchart-F-18' class='node default'%3e%3cpath transform='translate(-83.984375%2c -41)' style='' class='basic label-container' d='M0%2c14.333333333333334 a83.984375%2c14.333333333333334 0%2c0%2c0 167.96875%2c0 a83.984375%2c14.333333333333334 0%2c0%2c0 -167.96875%2c0 l0%2c53.333333333333336 a83.984375%2c14.333333333333334 0%2c0%2c0 167.96875%2c0 l0%2c-53.333333333333336'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-76.484375%2c -2)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='152.96875'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eBaza u%c5%bcytkownik%c3%b3w 2%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
To najprostsze rozwiązanie, ale oznacza, że musisz wdrożyć proces uwierzytelniania dla aplikacji do zarządzania sklepem, a użytkownicy muszą założyć nowe konto, aby korzystać z aplikacji.
2. Możesz użyć tej samej bazy użytkowników dla obu aplikacji.
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style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' d='M 0 5 L 10 10 L 10 0 z'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5' refX='11' viewBox='0 0 10 10' class='marker flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-2_flowchart-v2-circleEnd'%3e%3ccircle style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' r='5' cy='5' cx='5'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5' refX='-1' viewBox='0 0 10 10' class='marker flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-2_flowchart-v2-circleStart'%3e%3ccircle style='stroke-width: 1%3b stroke-dasharray: 1%2c 0%3b' class='arrowMarkerPath' r='5' cy='5' cx='5'/%3e%3c/marker%3e%3cmarker orient='auto' markerHeight='11' markerWidth='11' markerUnits='userSpaceOnUse' refY='5.2' refX='12' viewBox='0 0 11 11' class='marker cross flowchart-v2' id='mermaid-2_flowchart-v2-crossEnd'%3e%3cpath style='stroke-width: 2%3b 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class='nodes'%3e%3cg transform='translate(99.0390625%2c 35)' id='flowchart-A-19' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='156.296875' y='-27' x='-78.1484375' ry='5' rx='5' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-63.1484375%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='126.296875'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: nowrap%3b line-height: 1.5%3b max-width: 200px%3b text-align: center%3b' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'%3e%3cspan class='nodeLabel'%3e%3cp%3eSklep internetowy%3c/p%3e%3c/span%3e%3c/div%3e%3c/foreignObject%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='translate(335%2c 35)' id='flowchart-B-20' class='node default'%3e%3crect height='54' width='189.84375' y='-27' x='-94.921875' style='' class='basic label-container'/%3e%3cg transform='translate(-64.921875%2c -12)' style='' class='label'%3e%3crect/%3e%3cforeignObject height='24' width='129.84375'%3e%3cdiv style='display: table-cell%3b white-space: 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To lepsze rozwiązanie, ponieważ użytkownicy nie muszą tworzyć nowego konta. Jednak nadal musisz wdrożyć proces uwierzytelniania dla aplikacji do zarządzania sklepem.
3. Możesz użyć SSO.
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To najlepsze rozwiązanie do tej pory. Nie musisz wdrażać kolejnego procesu uwierzytelniania, a użytkownicy nie muszą tworzyć nowego konta dla aplikacji do zarządzania sklepem. Ponadto, możesz dodać więcej aplikacji i metod logowania bez zmiany modelu uwierzytelniania lub doświadczenia użytkownika.
SSO poprawia doświadczenie użytkownika na dwa sposoby:
Mogą pojawić się pewne obawy, ale wszystkie są do rozwiązania.
1. Jak rozróżniać aplikacje?
Jednokrotne logowanie nie oznacza, że traktujemy wszystkie aplikacje tak samo. W dobrze znanym otwartym standardzie OpenID Connect, każda aplikacja nazywana jest klientem, a przepływy uwierzytelniania różnią się w zależności od rodzaju klienta. Choć użytkownicy końcowi nie muszą znać różnicy, rodzaj klienta jest ważny dla serwera uwierzytelniania do określenia przepływu uwierzytelniania.
2. Co jeśli użytkownicy nie chcą udostępniać tego samego konta?
To uzasadniona obawa, ale nie problem z SSO. Jeśli użytkownicy nie chcą udostępniać tego samego konta, mogą utworzyć nowe konto dla nowej aplikacji. Kluczowe jest umożliwienie użytkownikom wyboru.
3. Co jeśli muszę ograniczyć dostęp do niektórych aplikacji?
W rzeczywistości, SSO to technika do uwierzytelniania, podczas gdy kontrola dostępu dotyczy autoryzacji. SSO można rozdzielić od kontroli dostępu. Na przykład, możesz użyć SSO do uwierzytelnienia użytkowników, a następnie użyć kontroli dostępu opartej na rolach (RBAC) do ograniczenia dostępu do określonych aplikacji lub zasobów.
Aby dowiedzieć się więcej o uwierzytelnianiu i autoryzacji, sprawdź CIAM 101: Uwierzytelnianie, tożsamość, SSO.
4. SSO wymaga przekierowania użytkowników do serwera uwierzytelniania.
Przekierowanie to standardowa praktyka dla uwierzytelniania. Biorąc pod uwagę doświadczenie użytkownika, możemy wykorzystać wiele technik, aby zredukować tarcie:
1. Centralne miejsce dla wszystkich operacji związanych z bezpieczeństwem
SSO pozwala zarządzać wszystkimi operacjami związanymi z bezpieczeństwem w jednym, centralnym miejscu. Na przykład, jak już wspomniano w poprzedniej sekcji, SSO nadal może rozróżniać aplikacje i stosować specyficzne dla platformy przepływy uwierzytelniania dla każdej aplikacji. Bez SSO musisz wdrożyć różnorodne przepływy uwierzytelniania w zależności od rodzaju aplikacji.
Dodatkowo, zaawansowane funkcje bezpieczeństwa, takie jak uwierzytelnianie wieloskładnikowe (MFA), są łatwiejsze do wdrożenia z SSO bez komplikowania modelu uwierzytelniania.
2. Zredukowana powierzchnia ataku
W teorii SSO redukuje powierzchnię ataku, ponieważ musisz zabezpieczyć tylko jeden serwer uwierzytelniania zamiast wielu aplikacji. Centralne podejście również ułatwia monitorowanie i wykrywanie podejrzanych działań.
3. Sprawdzone standardy i protokoły
Otwarte standardy i protokoły, takie jak OpenID Connect i OAuth 2.0, są szeroko stosowane w branży i były testowane przez lata. Oba wpisują się w koncepcję SSO i są wspierane przez większość dostawców tożsamości (IdPs). Dzięki połączeniu tych standardów z SSO można mieć bezpieczny i niezawodny system uwierzytelniania.
Wdrożenie SSO może być duże i skomplikowane, jest wiele rzeczy do rozważenia, takich jak:
Każdy z tych tematów może być osobnym artykułem i przytłaczający. Dla uproszczenia, lepiej zacząć od usługi zarządzanej, która zapewnia SSO od razu. Nasz produkt Logto jest taką usługą i zajmie Ci tylko kilka minut, aby zintegrować go z Twoją aplikacją.
Jednym z najczęstszych obaw związanych z korzystaniem z usługi zarządzanej jest uzależnienie od dostawcy. Na szczęście nie jest to problemem z Logto. Logto jest zbudowany na bazie OpenID Connect i OAuth 2.0, i jest open-source od początku. Priorytetem jest zapewnienie naszym klientom pewności i dążymy do tego, aby dać Ci wolność wyboru.