عندما نفتح عنوان URL معين في المتصفح، كيف يقوم المتصفح بتحميل وعرض المحتوى؟ نعرض ما فعله المتصفح بالتتابع، وفقًا لترتيب حدوث الحدث.
بالإضافة إلى بعض التصفح المحدد للويب باستخدام تطبيقات أصلية مخصصة أثناء التصفح في صفحات ويب مختلفة، يتم تصفح معظم صفحات الويب باستخدام متصفح. لذا عندما نفتح عنوان URL معين في المتصفح، كيف يقوم المتصفح بتحميل وعرض المحتوى؟ سنعرض ما فعله المتصفح بالتتابع، وفقًا لترتيب حدوث الحدث.
في منشور المدونة السابق قمنا بتغطية مكونات URL بما في ذلك ما يعرف بالمضيف/النطاق، على سبيل المثال www.google.com blog.logto.io إلخ.
لا يمكن للمتصفح فهم المضيف/النطاق مباشرة والعثور على الموارد المقابلة، بل يحتاج إلى معرفة عنوان IP المحدد لتحديد موقع الموارد المطلوبة لصفحات الويب.
سيجد المتصفح عنوان IP المقابل للمضيف/النطاق من خلال نظام أسماء النطاقات (DNS).
من أجل جعل عملية البحث عن عناوين IP سريعة قدر الإمكان، يستخدم المطابقة بين المضيف/النطاق وعنوان IP مختلف أنواع الذاكرة المؤقتة، مثل ذاكرة المتصفح المؤقتة، وذاكرة نظام التشغيل المؤقتة، وما إلى ذلك.
عند فشل البحث في الذاكرة المؤقتة، نمر بعملية البحث العادي لـ DNS للعثور على عنوان IP لمضيف/نطاق. هذه هي الخطوات:
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blog.logto.io في متصفح الويب، يطلب متصفح الويب خدمة DNS للحصول على عنوان IP، ويتلقى مستعرض DNS الطلب المقابل.io في هذه الحالة) وبعض المعلومات المرتبطة.io.io يستجيب بعنوان خادم أسماء logto.iologto.iologto.io يستجيب بعنوان blog.logto.ioblog.logto.io مرة أخرى إلى متصفح الويبيمكن لمتصفح الويب بعد ذلك طلب الموارد المقابلة من الخادم وعرض الموقع الإلكتروني لعرضه من قبل المستخدم.
بعد الحصول على عنوان IP المقابل للنطاق الذي سيتم تصفحه من خلال خدمة DNS، يبدأ متصفح الويب إنشاء اتصال TCP مع الخادم.
بعد إنشاء اتصال TCP، يقوم المتصفح بإجراء طلب شبكة إلى الخادم، ويحصل على الموارد المقابلة، ويعرض محتوى صفحة الويب بناءً على الموارد التي تم الحصول عليها ليتصفحها المستخدم.